Computer- generated imagery - Wikipedia"Computer imagery" redirects here. For (backup) copies of the entire state of a computer system, see System image. Computer- generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, shorts, commercials, videos, and simulators. The visual scenes may be dynamic or static and may be two- dimensional (2. D), though the term "CGI" is most commonly used to refer to 3. D computer graphics used for creating scenes or special effects in films and television. Additionally, the use of 2. D CGI is often mistakenly referred to as "traditional animation", most often in the case when dedicated animation software such as Adobe Flash or Toon Boom is not used or the CGI is hand drawn using a tablet and mouse. The term 'CGI animation' refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent- based, interactive environments. ![]() Housing in the Santa Clara region of California is insanely expensive. Tech companies have taken to building modern day versions of mill towns just so their employees. Computer graphics software is used to make computer- generated imagery for films, etc. Availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed individual artists and small companies to produce professional- grade films, games, and fine art from their home computers. ![]() IClone is a real-time 3D animation and rendering software program that enables users to make 3D animated films. Real-time playback is enabled by using a 3D videogame. The best 3D modeling software will vary based on your needs, but there plenty of options available. Here are our favorite pieces of software. This has brought about an Internet subculture with its own set of global celebrities, clichés, and technical vocabulary. The evolution of CGI led to the emergence of virtual cinematography in the 1. Static images and landscapes[edit]Not only do animated images form part of computer- generated imagery, natural looking landscapes (such as fractal landscapes) are also generated via computer algorithms. A simple way to generate fractal surfaces is to use an extension of the triangular mesh method, relying on the construction of some special case of a de Rham curve, e. For instance, the algorithm may start with a large triangle, then recursively zoom in by dividing it into four smaller Sierpinski triangles, then interpolate the height of each point from its nearest neighbors. The creation of a Brownian surface may be achieved not only by adding noise as new nodes are created but by adding additional noise at multiple levels of the mesh. Thus a topographical map with varying levels of height can be created using relatively straightforward fractal algorithms. Some typical, easy- to- program fractals used in CGI are the plasma fractal and the more dramatic fault fractal.[2]A large number of specific techniques have been researched and developed to produce highly focused computer- generated effects — e. Architectural scenes[edit]. A computer generated image featuring a house, made in Blender. Modern architects use services from computer graphic firms to create 3- dimensional models for both customers and builders. These computer generated models can be more accurate than traditional drawings. Architectural animation (which provides animated movies of buildings, rather than interactive images) can also be used to see the possible relationship a building will have in relation to the environment and its surrounding buildings. The rendering of architectural spaces without the use of paper and pencil tools is now a widely accepted practice with a number of computer- assisted architectural design systems. Architectural modeling tools allow an architect to visualize a space and perform "walk- throughs" in an interactive manner, thus providing "interactive environments" both at the urban and building levels.[5] Specific applications in architecture not only include the specification of building structures (such as walls and windows) and walk- throughs but the effects of light and how sunlight will affect a specific design at different times of the day.[6]Architectural modeling tools have now become increasingly internet- based. However, the quality of internet- based systems still lags behind those of sophisticated in- house modeling systems.[7]In some applications, computer- generated images are used to "reverse engineer" historical buildings. For instance, a computer- generated reconstruction of the monastery at Georgenthal in Germany was derived from the ruins of the monastery, yet provides the viewer with a "look and feel" of what the building would have looked like in its day.[8]Anatomical models[edit]Computer generated models used in skeletal animation are not always anatomically correct. However, organizations such as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute have developed anatomically correct computer- based models. Computer generated anatomical models can be used both for instructional and operational purposes. To date, a large body of artist produced medical images continue to be used by medical students, such as images by Frank H. Netter, e. g. Cardiac images. ![]() However, a number of online anatomical models are becoming available. A single patient X- ray is not a computer generated image, even if digitized. However, in applications which involve CT scans a three- dimensional model is automatically produced from a large number of single slice x- rays, producing "computer generated image". Applications involving magnetic resonance imaging also bring together a number of "snapshots" (in this case via magnetic pulses) to produce a composite, internal image. In modern medical applications, patient- specific models are constructed in 'computer assisted surgery'. For instance, in total knee replacement, the construction of a detailed patient- specific model can be used to carefully plan the surgery.[9] These three- dimensional models are usually extracted from multiple CT scans of the appropriate parts of the patient's own anatomy. Such models can also be used for planning aortic valve implantations, one of the common procedures for treating heart disease. Given that the shape, diameter, and position of the coronary openings can vary greatly from patient to patient, the extraction (from CT scans) of a model that closely resembles a patient's valve anatomy can be highly beneficial in planning the procedure.[1. Generating cloth and skin images[edit]. Computer- generated wet fur. Models of cloth generally fall into three groups: The geometric- mechanical structure at yarn crossing. The mechanics of continuous elastic sheets. The geometric macroscopic features of cloth.[1. To date, making the clothing of a digital character automatically fold in a natural way remains a challenge for many animators.[1. In addition to their use in film, advertising and other modes of public display, computer generated images of clothing are now routinely used by top fashion design firms.[1. The challenge in rendering human skin images involves three levels of realism: Photo realism in resembling real skin at the static level. Physical realism in resembling its movements. Function realism in resembling its response to actions.[1. The finest visible features such as fine wrinkles and skinpores are the size of about 1. Skin can be modeled as a 7- dimensionalbidirectional texture function (BTF) or a collection of bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) over the target's surfaces. Interactive simulation and visualization[edit]Interactive visualization is the rendering of data that may vary dynamically and allowing a user to view the data from multiple perspectives. The applications areas may vary significantly, ranging from the visualization of the flow patterns in fluid dynamics to specific computer aided design applications.[1. The data rendered may correspond to specific visual scenes that change as the user interacts with the system — e. CGI techniques for representing the world.[1. At the abstract level, an interactive visualization process involves a "data pipeline" in which the raw data is managed and filtered to a form that makes it suitable for rendering. This is often called the "visualization data". The visualization data is then mapped to a "visualization representation" that can be fed to a rendering system. This is usually called a "renderable representation". This representation is then rendered as a displayable image.[1. As the user interacts with the system (e. Computer animation[edit]While computer generated images of landscapes may be static, the term computer animation only applies to dynamic images that resemble a movie. However, in general, the term computer animation refers to dynamic images that do not allow user interaction, and the term virtual world is used for the interactive animated environments.
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